An Assessment of the Role of Public Health Nurses in Improving Maternal Healthcare Services in Kano State
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Background of the Study
Maternal healthcare is a critical component of public health, focusing on ensuring the well-being of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. In Kano State, Nigeria, maternal health has been a significant concern due to high maternal mortality rates, often linked to factors such as inadequate healthcare services, low access to skilled care, and socio-cultural barriers (Ali et al., 2023). Public health nurses (PHNs), as integral members of the healthcare system, play a vital role in improving maternal healthcare through preventive care, education, and promoting access to essential maternal services.
Public health nurses are often involved in antenatal care, family planning services, maternal health education, and the promotion of safe birthing practices. Their roles include providing antenatal check-ups, counseling women on nutrition and lifestyle choices, educating them on the importance of skilled birth attendance, and supporting postpartum care (Ejike et al., 2024). In Kano State, where rural areas often lack access to healthcare infrastructure, PHNs contribute by organizing outreach programs, conducting health campaigns, and ensuring that pregnant women receive timely and adequate care.
Despite the acknowledged role of PHNs, there is limited research on how their efforts have translated into improved maternal health outcomes in Kano State. This study aims to assess the role of public health nurses in improving maternal healthcare services, specifically evaluating their contributions in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality, increasing healthcare access, and enhancing community awareness about maternal health.
Statement of the Problem
The maternal mortality rate in Kano State remains high, primarily due to inadequate access to healthcare services, limited knowledge of maternal health issues, and lack of skilled healthcare providers. Public health nurses are crucial in addressing these challenges, but their specific impact on improving maternal healthcare services in Kano State remains unclear. This study seeks to evaluate the role of public health nurses in enhancing maternal healthcare services in Kano State and identify areas for improvement.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the role of public health nurses in improving maternal healthcare services in Kano State.
2. To evaluate the impact of public health nurses on maternal health outcomes, such as antenatal care utilization, skilled birth attendance, and postpartum care.
3. To identify the challenges and barriers public health nurses face in improving maternal healthcare services in Kano State.
Research Questions
1. What role do public health nurses play in improving maternal healthcare services in Kano State?
2. How do public health nurses impact maternal health outcomes, including antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and postpartum care?
3. What challenges do public health nurses face in improving maternal healthcare services in Kano State?
Research Hypotheses
1. Public health nurses contribute significantly to improving maternal healthcare services in Kano State.
2. Public health nurses have a positive impact on maternal health outcomes, including antenatal care utilization and the reduction of maternal morbidity and mortality.
3. Barriers such as limited resources, lack of training, and socio-cultural factors hinder the effectiveness of public health nurses in improving maternal healthcare services in Kano State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on the role of public health nurses in improving maternal healthcare services in Kano State, specifically evaluating their contributions to maternal health outcomes. Limitations may include access to remote rural areas, variations in the roles of public health nurses, and difficulties in gathering data on maternal health outcomes.
Definitions of Terms
• Public Health Nurses: Nurses trained to work within the public health system, focusing on prevention, education, and community health services.
• Maternal Healthcare Services: Services provided to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, aimed at improving maternal health and preventing maternal mortality.
• Maternal Mortality: The death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of delivery, often due to preventable causes.
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